Top 5 Types of Wines

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Top 5 Types of Wines

What is a Wine?

A wine is a beverage made of the fermented juice of any of various kinds of fruits (i.e. apples, cranberries, plums) mainly grapes or plants, usually containing from 10 to 15 % alcohol by volume.

To make it simple, there are 5 types of wines:  Red, White, Rose, Sweet or Dessert and Sparkling Wines. See below for more details and clarification:

1. White Wine

Did you know although white wine is made of white grapes, an interesting fact that many don’t realise is that black grapes can produce white wine, you just need to ensure that the wine is fermented without the grape skins? The exact way to make white wine is to extract the red pigments away and utilise on grape juice only. Mostly, white wine will provide flavour character including bright, savoury and creamy based on the inputs. There are hundreds of varieties of white wine grown all over the world, with the majority of them being dry. 

White wine is not only delicious on its own but it is also great with food. It is also used in cooking to create incredible flavours in your meal, soften meat and deglaze sauces. If you’ve ever cooked a risotto, you’ll know all about the wonderful ability to add wine to make a difference.

There are many varieties of white wine and grapes come in different styles depending on where and how they are grown. For example, a French Chardonnay (Chablis) will taste different to a Chardonnay grown down under in Australia. Wines such as Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Moscato are great too. A tall wine glass would suit white wine. A lot of aspects affect the way a wine tastes, like vintage, growing conditions, winemaker techniques and the winery itself. So if you’ve decided you don’t like Chardonnay after a bad experience, it’s always worth trying one from a different area or country, as chances are the taste will be vastly different.

2. Red Wine

Production of red wine is quite similar to making white wine but the colouring is found in the skins of red grapes, grape pip and seed incorporated into the fermentation process. Red wine will be fermented in higher temperature, to extract colour, tannin, aroma and flavours with different levels of concentration varying by duration of fermentation. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir and Zinfandel can also be a good choice for red wine. Red wine goes well with grilled vegetables, white meat or chicken. A medium-bodied to full-bodied can get along well with meat dishes such as steaks, hamburgers or smoked meat and good with Asian dishes. Red wine should be served in a big bowl glass to let the wine breathe better.

Did you know drinking red wine in small doses is better for you than not drinking at all! It might come as a surprise, but several human trial studies have shown moderate red wine consumption to be better for you than not drinking at all. Why? The antioxidants found in red wine lower incidences of cardiovascular disease, mortality and also, type-2 diabetes. Of course, if you drink too much then there will be health risks. So drink red wine in moderation.

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3. Rose Wine

Rose wine gets its pink rose colour from the fact that the skin is left to sit in contact with the crushed grape for a while (about 12-36 hours). Made from red or black grapes. The longer it sits, the darker the pink colour will be. The skin is removed after a few hours or up to 3 days.  It is most often made by blending red wine and white wine together prior to bottling. The flavour of this dry wine ranges from dry to sweet and comes with a pale to dark pink colour.

Rose is made from red grape varieties, but fermented like white wine, and it’s best served chilled like other white wine {50-60 degrees F}. Rose wine is not meant to be aged. It’s best consumed within 2-3 years of its release. The Provence region of France is considered to be the most consistent for creating high-quality Rose at any price point. When in doubt, choose one from this region. Did you know In France it’s called Rosé, in Italy, they’re called Rosato, and in Spain it’s Rosado.

Rose is not just for summer sipping! It’s a terrific aperitif (an alcoholic drink taken before a meal to stimulate the appetite.) or dinner wine all year round and pairs well with bbq, spicy food, chicken, pork, sushi, seafood, cheese, tapas, salads, pizza and more!

4. Dessert or Sweet Wine

There is no constant definition for or Dessert or Sweet Wine. Mostly, it is because of the character of sweetness itself with the occasion of serving with desserts after the meal. But in some countries such as England, people usually drink sweet white wine as an aperitif, before the meal and sweet red wine to rinse their palate after. 

Dessert Wine is made mainly from special fruits that were left to ripen on the wine. The main purpose of this is to make the flavour stronger. The overall outcome of the flavour of the wine is determined by the fruits used.

The level of alcohol generated when they are made into dessert wine depends on how ripened the fruits are. Majority of these wines are classified as unfortified and dry wines or those wines that don’t have spirits in them like brandy. The adding of spirits during the fermentation of the wine is the process of fortifying the wine.

Did you know not all dessert wines are alcoholic beverages? Many dessert wines contain a lower amount of alcohol content. Most of these non-alcoholics or with low alcohol content wines are those from Germany. These kinds of dessert wines go to as much as 8%.

Sweet Wine can be categorized into Port, Tawny, or Sherry and so on. In addition to the dessert, the wine can also be paired perfectly with smoked meat and soft cheese too. Fermented in a way that enhances and highlights the wine’s natural sugars, sweet wines pair well with desserts or finish a meal beautifully all by themselves. There are numerous types of sweet wine to try.

Fine wine producers make sweet wines in one of two ways: They either dehydrate the grapes to reduce their water content and concentrate the sugars or boost the alcohol to intensify sweetness, halt sugar production. 

There are no hard and fast rules when pairing food with sweet wines. However, Salty foods contrast nicely with the sweetness. For example, when trying to match a sweet or dessert wine with dessert, it’s best to match a sweet wine with a dessert that downplays the sugar. For example, apple tart, rich foods, Fie Gras, Stilton and Port, chocolate and ice wine, almonds and Sherry. Dessert or Sweet Wine is usually served in a shot or small glass.

5. Sparkling Wine

Sparkling wine is connected with a celebration. The sparkling bubbles from carbon dioxide (CO2) occur naturally or specifically are added during the fermentation process. Sparkling wine can be categorized further by region, for example; Cava in Spain, Asti or Prosecco from Italy and Champagne. 

What makes sparkling wine stand out is, of course, its signature fizz. Did you know that it first came about by accident in northern France? The area has cool climates, hilly landscapes, and chalky soil. To the dismay of early vintners, wines made with the grapes grown in the region became unexpectedly fizzy and had an acidic taste. By around the 1600s, these French winemakers decided to add some sweetness and embrace these bubbles.

Don’t worry, if you popped open a bottle and left it unfinished overnight. One way to restore some bubbles is to add a bit of sugar to your glass before pouring in the sparkling wine. Watch it go from flat to fizzy again and enjoy it again.

Did you know Champagne is only true Champagne when it comes from the Champagne region of France? There is an actual place in France called Champagne! Champagne is a region located approximately 90 miles northeast of Paris, France. The soils, vineyard conditions and regulated method of production all affect the overall product. Outside of this region is just simply called sparkling wine, for example, Crémant, Cava and of course Prosecco. The process of making Champagne in France is complex, time-consuming, highly regulated and dependent on factors that can only be achieved within this very region in order to create a very high-quality product.

The regulations for making Champagne are incredibly strict, time-consuming and complex. They must follow these steps. There are three primary grapes used in Champagne production Chardonnay, Pinot Noirand Pinot Meunier. While there are a few other grapes permitted in the region, they account for a fraction of the total plantings. If you are holding a party, try pairing the sparkling wine with salad, cheese, fish, or bread. An elegant tall glass helps retain temperature and bubbles. 

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